Few notes about the 10 Gbps cards
Guifré Molera - 15/06/2007
Few notes about the 10 Gbps cardsGuifré Molera - 15/06/2007 |
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Fiber |
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LAN PHY |
The most common optical variety, used for connecting directly between routers and switches.this can be used with 10GBase-LR and -ER up to 80 km. LAN PHY uses a line rate of 10.3 Gbit/s and a 64B/66B encoding. |
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10GBASE-SR |
10GBASE-SR ("short range") support short distances over deployed multi-mode fiber cabling, range of between 26 m and 82 m depending on cable type. |
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10GBASE-LRM |
10GBASE-LRM, also known as 802.3aq, supports distances up to 220 m on FDDI-grade 62.5 µm multi-mode cable (for FDDI and 100BaseFX networks). |
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10GBASE-LR |
10GBASE-LR is a Long Range Optical technology delivering serialized 10 gigabit Ethernet via over 1300 nm single-mode fiber via IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 64B-66B Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS). Optical transceivers are interconnected with a host device. LR optical cabling is used to interconnect transceivers at a distance spaced at 10 km, but it can often reach distances of up to 25 km with no data loss. |
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10GBASE-ER |
10GBASE-ER ("extended range") supports distances up to 40 km over single-mode fiber (using 1550 nm). |
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10GBASE-ZR |
Recently, several manufacturers have introduced 80 km-range ER pluggable interfaces under the name 10GBASE-ZR. This 80 km PHY is not specified within the IEEE 802.3ae standard and manufacturers have created their own specifications based upon the 80 km PHY. |
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10GBASE-LX4 |
10GBASE-LX4 uses coarse wavelength division multiplexing to support ranges of between 240 m and 300 m over deployed multi-mode cabling. This is achieved through the use of four separate laser sources operating at 3.125 Gbit/s in the range of 1300nm on unique wavelengths. This standard also supports 10 km over single-mode fiber. |
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WAN PHY |
10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW and 10GBASE-EW are varieties that use the WAN PHY using a light-weight SDH/SONET frame running at 9.953 Gbit/s. WAN PHY is used when an enterprise user wishes to transport 10G Ethernet across telco SDH/SONET or previously installed wave division multiplexing systems without having to directly map the Ethernet frames into SDH/SONET. The WAN PHY variants correspond at the physical layer to 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER respectively, and hence use the same types of fiber and support the same distances. |
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Copper |
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10GBASE-CX4 |
10GBASE-CX4 (802.3ak) transmits over 4-lanes in each direction over copper cabling similar to the variety used in InfiniBand technology, up to a distance of 15 m. This technology has the lowest cost per port of all 10Gb interconnects, at the expense of range. Each device capable of supporting a 10GbE module uses some MSA (Multi-Source Agreement) to provide the actual module connectivity within the device to the outside connector. XENPAK, X2, and XPAK connectors all fit into a standard MSA pinout. Each lane of the copper carries 3.125 gigahertz of signaling bandwidth. It is the job of the 802.3ae Clause 48 protocol to manage and synchronize the data flowing between these 4 channels; this functionality is maintained in the PCS. |
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10GBASE-Kx |
Backplane Ethernet (802.3ap) is used in backplane applications such as blade servers and routers/switches with upgradable line cards. Kx implementations are required to operate in an environment comprising up to 40 inches of copper printed circuit board with two connectors. The standard provides for two different implementations: 10-GBASE-KR and 10GBASE-KX4. 10GBASE-KR uses the same coding as the 10GBASE-LR/ER/SR. It also defines an optional layer of Forward Error Correction and an autonegotiation protocol for setting the level of preemphasis based equalization. 10Gbase-KX4 is virtually identical with 10GBase-CX4. Implementations of both variants of 802.3ap are supposed to be backwards compatible with 1000Base-X serial implementations through autonegotiation. |
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10GBASE-T |
10GBASE-T (802.3an-2006), is a newly released standard to provide 10 gigabit/second connections over conventional unshielded or shielded twisted pair cables.[2] Products remain scarce and expensive. For example, it will likely be 2008 before 10GBASE-T switches are available for purchase at a price of less than $500 per port. |
| Infiniband | |
| Infiniband | Connections between processors nodes and I/O periphals which requires high-speed processing. It is a point2point bidirectional.The serial connection's signalling rate is 2.5 gigabit per second (Gbit/s) in each direction per connection. But can be double (5Gbps) and Quad (10 Gbps). Using encoding 8/10, so every 10 bits carries 8 of information-> So 2.5 Gbps is effectively 2.0 Gbps. Now starts to appear 1x, 4x and 12x; achieving therotically rates of 96 Gbps. |
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